Which layer of the skin is primarily involved in protection and barrier functions?

The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and plays a crucial role in protection and barrier functions. It acts as the first line of defense against environmental factors such as pathogens, harmful chemicals, and physical abrasions. The epidermis contains tightly packed cells that form a protective barrier, preventing excessive water loss and offering insulation from external temperature changes. The presence of keratinocytes, which produce keratin, a protein that strengthens the skin, enhances this barrier function. Additionally, the epidermis is involved in producing melanin, which provides UV protection, further contributing to overall skin health and protection. The other layers of the skin, while important for various functions, are not primarily responsible for these protective and barrier roles.